Effect of Lead on Survival, Osmoregulation, and Histological Changes of the Gills of the White Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, Boone, 1931

Usman, N.^ab,

Irawan, B.^a,

Soegianto, A.^a

^a  Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, AirlanggaUniversity, Kampus C Unair, Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
^b  Department of Fishery, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Technology, University of Hang Tuah, Jl. Arif Rahman Hakim, Surabaya 60222, Indonesia 

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the acute toxicity of lead for different life stages of shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, and to determine the effect of its sublethal concentrations on osmoregulatory capacity (OC) as well as the possible histological alteration in the gills of juvenile shrimp. The 24-, 48-, and 96-h LC₅₀values for lead to L. vannamei increased progressively with increasing life stage, from nauplii<zoeae<mysis<postlarvae<juvenile. After 15-d exposure to 3.25, 6.50, and 9.75mg Pb/L, the OC values of exposed shrimp were reduced by 39, 73, and 157%, respectively compared to control animals. Compared to controls, the lead concentrations in gill tissues increased significantly by 127,500, 137,500, and 141,000% in shrimps exposed to 3.25, 6.50, and 9.75mg Pb/L, respectively. After lead exposure, hemocytic congestion in efferent vessels and multiple hyperplasia were observed in gill filaments, resulting in narrowed hemolymphatic lacuna. The histopathological effects increased with increasing Pb concentration. © Copyright by the World Aquaculture Society 2013.

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http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jwas.12054/abstract